Steric hindrance as a rate controlling step in stress corrosion cracking

The effect of steric hindrance in the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of Ag-15Pd (a/o) in AgI forming solutions was studied at room temperature. The solutions used were 1 M KI at a potential higher than that of AgI formation, and iodine dissolved in different n-alcohols. It was found that Ag-15Pd (a/o) is susceptible to intergranular stress corrosion cracking in those solutions. The SCC susceptibility measured as percentage of elongation to rupture and crack propagation rate is related to the size of the active species. While in KI aqueous solutions, as well as in iodine saturated benzene or iodine saturated toluene, the rate controlling step (RCS) was the reaction at the tip of the crack, in alcoholic-iodine solutions, the diffusion rate of the iodine containing molecules became the RCS.     

冷却方式对Zn-Cu包晶合金微观组织的影响

对采用不同冷却速度、不同散热条件的铸型得到的Zn-2.98Cu包晶合金的微观组织进行了研究.研究表明:在常规的砂型和金属型铸锭中,其微观组织为ε相 η相基体;在具有定向温度梯度的铸锭中,得到了定向的ε相枝晶 η相基体和定向的层片状(ε η)组织;并对层片状组织做了进一步分析,得到的Zn-Cu包晶合金层片间距平均值λ=4.06μm.     

Effect ofθ-alumina formation on the growth kinetics of alumina-forming superalloys

Alumina-forming ODS superalloys are excellent oxidation-resistant materials. Their resistance relies upon the establishment of a stable, slow-growing, and adherent -alumina. In the present investigation, these alloys exhibited unstable and relatively less adherent -alumina phase, which increased the oxidation rate in the transient stage and converted into -alumina in the later part of the exposure. The oxide-growth process was found to depend upon various parameters such as temperature, time, and presence of an active elecment in the superalloy. Characterization carried out by XRD, SEM/EDAX, and AES on oxidized ODS and non-ODS alloys demonstrated a significant influence of the active element, Y, on the transformation of - to -alumina. SIMS analysis of two-stage oxidation at 900°C for two different durations evidently showed that the change in the transport process is due to -to--alumina transformation. On the basis of these results, a new and consistent mechanism is proposed to explain the influence of -alumina and its transformation on growth kinetics and the effect of yttrium on the transformation leading to good scale adherence and oxidation resistance.     

耐热铸造镁合金的研究现状及其发展趋势

耐热铸造镁合金在航空航天以及汽车工业等领域得到了广泛应用。本文主要介绍了Mg-Al系、Mg-Zn系和Mg—RE系耐热铸造镁合金的研究现状；对新型高性能耐热镁合金的发展趋势提出了一些见解，指出，合金化方法作为解决镁合金高温性能不足的最有效的手段之一，应该进一步通过优化合金元素组合，进行有效的合金设计，解决铸造镁合金在耐高温、抗蠕变等方面存在的问题。     

WE54镁合金中析出相的特点

WE54(Mg-5.4Y-2.3Nd-1.6Gd-0.5Zr)镁合金试样在铸态、T4和T6状态下,呈现出不同的显微组织形貌特征和微区化学成分,而且力学性能也随着处理工艺的不同而发生变化。采用金相显微镜、大功率X射线衍射仪、高分辨场发射扫描电镜及能谱仪分析研究了WE54合金的微观组织形貌、析出相以及微区化学成分的变化。结果表明,WE54合金在铸造状态下,Mg12Nd和Mg24Y5两种新相沿着晶界析出,呈现出网状结构,稀土Gd完全固溶在基体之中,在晶内和晶界析出物的微区化学成分分析中没有发现Gd;经过固溶处理后,铸态时沿晶界分布的大块析出物几乎全部固溶于基体Mg之中,力学性能有所提高;经过人工时效后,晶内析出大量细小的新相。经过对比试样沿横向和纵向析出相的特点,确定该析出相为片状结构。析出相沿3个方向排列分布,而且3个方向之间夹角互成120°,呈现出严格的位向关系,合金的强度进一步得到提高,但伸长率有所降低。     

电化学法处理废硬质合金直接回收金属钴和碳化钨

首次采用电化学法处理废硬质合金直接回收金属钴和碳化钨，工艺简单可靠，具有较好的环境和经济效益。     

低频电磁铸造铝合金结晶器材料对磁场的影响

低频电磁场作用下铸造铝合金过程中,优化的结晶器应该在电源频率相同、较低的电流下在铝熔体内部能够获得所需要的磁场强度.结合生产实际情况,设计出工业上实用的低频电磁铸造铝合金结晶器.在结晶器外套材料的不同情况下,对低频电磁铸造铝合金过程的电磁场进行了三维有限元数值模拟.模拟结果表明,当结晶器外套为软磁材料时,铝熔体内部磁场强度得到明显加强.     

AlSi7Mg合金熔体等温处理中组织形态的演变

研究了AlSi7Mg合金在液相线附近不同的温度下保温时，其凝固组织形态的演变规律。在600—650℃之间不同的温度下对AlSi7Mg合金保温30min处理，研究了合金中初生α相的形态随温度改变而演变的过程。试验结果表明：在605—650℃之间保温时，随着保温温度的降低，初生α相逐渐由发达的树枝晶向蔷薇状枝晶和粒状晶转变；在605℃保温30min，可得到尺寸较小、分布均匀的粒状初生α相，在605℃以下保温时，初生α相又开始向蔷薇状形态演变。另外，在605℃下对AlSi7Mg合金进行不同时间的保温处理，结果显示：随着保温时间由10min延长到60min，初生α相的形态经历了由不规则的枝晶到均匀的粒状等轴晶再到蔷薇状组织的转变过程。     

ICP－AES法对Pt－Pd－Rh－RE合金中各组分的同时测定

研究了ＩＣＰ─ＡＥＳ法对ＰｔＰｄＲｈ、ＰｔＰｄＲｈＣｅ、ＰｔＰｄＲｈＹ合金中Ｐｄ、Ｒｈ、Ｃｅ、Ｙ的同时测定方法。通过对同一样品不同测定方法对照，认为本方法简便、快速、适用性广。本法测定的范围是；Ｃｃ、Ｙ０．１～１％；Ｒｈ０．６～６％；Ｐｄ２～２０％。相对误差最大为２％，变差系数＜１％。     

时效对接触线用Cu-Ag-Cr合金性能的影响

分析了固溶温度、时效及时效前冷变形量对Cu - 0 1 %Ag - 0 1 %Cr接触线用合金性能的影响 ,结果表明 :经 870℃固溶、 40 %～ 5 0 %冷变形及 480℃× 1 5h时效处理后 ,合金可获得良好的综合性能。